(Des)construção dos sentidos do trabalho: vivências de sofrimento em enfermarias de emergência hospitalar / (De)construction of the meanings of work: experiences of suffering in hospital emergency wards

Objetivo: Investigar as vivências de sofrimento no trabalho de enfermeiras em um serviço de emergência hospitalar. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, com 15 enfermeiras de uma unidade de emergência hospitalar pública de um município da Bahia, Brasil. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, analisados pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e ancorados no referencial teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Resultados: Há sofrimento profissional no trabalho de enfermeiras em Unidade de Emergência Hospitalar e está permeado pela (des)construção dos sentidos do trabalho, do modo como este se organiza, do reconhecimento profissional, do adoecimento psíquico e das estratégias de enfrentamento desenvolvidas e que lhes estão disponíveis. Considerações finais: O sofrimento que emerge das relações do trabalho apresenta especificidades da organização e do fazer profissional em enfermagem no setor da emergência, o que compõe o contexto, as causas e as consequências do fenômeno e impacta nas distintas dimensões da vida. Descritores: Enfermagem em Emergência; Adaptação Psicológica; Saúde Mental; Saúde do Trabalhador; Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência.

Objective: To investigate the experiences of suffering in the work of nurses in a hospital emergency service. Methods: Qualitative study with 15 nurses from a public hospital emergency unit in a municipality in Bahia, Brazil. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse and anchored in the theoretical framework of Work Psychodynamics. Results: There is professional suffering in the work of nurses in the Hospital Emergency Unit and it is permeated by the (de)construction of the meanings of work, the way work is organized, professional recognition, psychological illness, and the coping strategies developed and available to them. Final considerations: The suffering that emerges from work relationships presents specificities of the organization and professional practice in nursing in the emergency sector, which makes up the context, causes and consequences of the phenomenon and impacts on the different dimensions of life. Descriptors: Emergency Nursing; Psychological Adaptation; Mental Health; Worker's Health; Emergency Hospital Service.

COVID-19 and the Mental Health of Nursing Professionals in Brazil: Associations between Social and Clinical Contexts and Psychopathological Symptoms.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an important negative psychological impact on people worldwide, especially nursing professionals who seem to be more vulnerable to the development of psychopathological symptoms. Objective: To analyze relationships between variables from the social and clinical contexts with psychopathological symptoms in nursing professionals from different geographic regions of Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with 1737 nursing professionals from the five regions of Brazil. Data collection was carried out online with a questionnaire made available via Google Forms containing sociodemographic, occupational, and clinical questions, and the Symptom Assessment Scale-40-R, for the assessment of psychopathological symptoms. Differences between mean scores for the severity of psychopathological symptoms were assessed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Results: There was a significant difference in the psychoticism domain scores according to Brazilian geographic region, with greater severity among professionals from the North and Northeast regions when compared with those from the South region. Social context variables (gender, age group, and marital status) and clinical variables (psychological and psychiatric follow-up; psychological or emotional support by the institution; family member, friend, neighbor, or co-worker with COVID-19, and death among them; use of psychiatric medication without a medical prescription; and taking steps to take care of their mental health) were significantly related to psychopathological symptoms. Conclusions: The results point to the importance of mental health promotion strategies for professionals through psychological or emotional support, as evidence indicates that this support can be a predictor of reduced psychological distress.

SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil and Psychosocial Repercussions on Men's Health: Health Literacy Is Important.

This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men's health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.

COVID-19 in Brazil: Are there any differences in Mental Health Literacy between young and aged men? / COVID-19 no Brasil: existem diferenças no letramento em saúde mental entre homens jovens e idosos?

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the Mental Health Literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil in the COVID-19 pandemic context. METHOD: a qualitative study conducted with 87 men by means of an asynchronous online survey. The data were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured with the Collective Subject Discourse method and analyzed through Anthony Jorm's theoretical concept of Mental Health Literacy. RESULTS: six central ideas emerged from the analysis of a synthesis discourse on the components of the Mental Health Literacy, namely: Ability to recognize specific disorders or different types of psychological distress; Knowledge and beliefs about risk factors and causes; Knowledge and beliefs about self-help interventions; Knowledge and beliefs about available professional help; Attitudes that facilitate recognition and the search for adequate help; and Knowledge on how to seek information on mental health. CONCLUSION: there are differences in the mental health literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aged men were more competent for mental health care management and protection than young men, in relation to the Mental Health Literacy levels.

Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.

Sociohistorical Analysis of Normative Standards of Masculinity in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Impacts on Men's Health/Mental Health.

Objective: This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men's health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity. Results: The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care. Conclusion: The discourse revealed that the men's behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.

Factors Associated with Emotion Regulation in Men with Internet Access Living in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: to evaluate the factors associated with emotion regulation in men with internet access living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: an epidemiological survey, conducted with 1015 men. An electronic form was applied containing sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, support and coping strategies, as well as emotional and behavioral aspects. Emotion regulation was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Results: The prevalence values observed were 44.6% for Low Cognitive Reappraisal and of 47.1% for High Emotional Suppression. The following factors were identified as associated: (a) with Low Cognitive Reappraisal: being aged 30 years old or more, practicing physical activity, worrying about social distancing and having positive emotions and feelings; and (b) with High Emotional Suppression: being heterosexual, non-white race/skin color, having security support or public administration, not sanitizing food, worrying about lack of physical activity and not having negative emotions. Conclusion: the adoption of emotion regulation strategies was associated with individual, contextual and emotional/behavioral characteristics. Masculinity ideals seem to exert an influence on these relationships.

Efeitos do discurso de heroísmo na implicação profissional de enfermeiros na pandemia de covid-19 / Efectos del discurso del heroísmo en la implicación profesional de los enfermeros en la pandemia covid-19 / Effects of heroism discourse on the professional involvement of nurses in the covid-19 pandemic

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os efeitos do discurso de heroísmo na implicação profissional de enfermeiros na pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, realizado de abril a junho de 2020, pelo método bola de neve, com 598 enfermeiros do Brasil, por meio do Google Forms ®. Foi conduzido à luz do referencial teórico da Análise Institucional, que busca compreender e transformar a realidade social quanto às dimensões ideológicas (maneira de pensar e representar a profissão), libidinal (produções e rearranjos realizados com a profissão por meio do desejo) e organizacional (base material para o exercício da profissão). Resultados: na dimensão ideológica, o discurso de heroísmo sobre os enfermeiros envolve o não reconhecimento social da profissão e a figura do herói, que não se veem assim, pois atuam em más condições de trabalho e estão em constante risco de morte. Na libidinal, de forma ambígua, os enfermeiros se identificam com o discurso de heroísmo quando há admiração da população, reconhecimento social e satisfação com o trabalho, mesmo em meio a sentimentos de aflição, impotência, tristeza e medo. Por fim, na dimensão organizacional, o discurso se implica com melhores condições de trabalho, salários e carga horária reduzida, necessários à prestação de cuidados com qualidade e segurança. Conclusão: os efeitos do discurso de heroísmo estão implicados nas três dimensões e remetem ao processo sócio-histórico de constituição da profissão, associando os enfermeiros à figura de herói. Os enfermeiros questionam veementemente essa posição, uma vez que as condições precárias de trabalhos às quais estão expostos são bem reais.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los efectos del discurso del heroísmo en la implicación profesional de los enfermeros en la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, realizado de abril a junio de 2020, utilizando el método de bola de nieve, con 598 enfermeros de Brasil, a través de Google Forms®. Realizado a la luz del Marco Teórico del Análisis Institucional, que busca comprender y transformar la realidad social, en lo que respecta a las dimensiones ideológica (forma de pensar y representar la profesión), libidinal (producciones y reordenamientos realizados con la profesión a través del deseo) y organizacional (base material para el ejercicio de la profesión). Resultados: en la dimensión ideológica, el discurso del heroísmo sobre los enfermeros implica la falta de reconocimiento social de la profesión y la figura del héroe, que no se ven a sí mismas como tales, ya que trabajan en malas condiciones laborales y están en constante riesgo de muerte. En lo organizativo, el discurso implica mejores condiciones de trabajo, salarios y reducción de la carga de trabajo, necesarios para la prestación de cuidados con calidad y seguridad. En lo libidinal, de forma ambigua, los enfermeros se implican con el discurso del heroísmo cuando la admiración de la población, el reconocimiento social y traer satisfacción con su trabajo, incluso en medio de sentimientos de angustia, impotencia, tristeza y miedo. Conclusión: los efectos del discurso del heroísmo están implicados en las tres dimensiones, remiten al proceso social e histórico de constitución de la profesión y asocian a los enfermeros con la figura del héroe. Los enfermeros cuestionan enérgicamente esta postura, ya que las precarias condiciones laborales a las que están expuestas son muy reales.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the effects of heroism discourse on the professional involvement of nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: this is a qualitative study, carried out from April to June 2020, using the snowball method, with 598 nurses in Brazil, using Google Forms®. It was conducted based on the theoretical framework of Institutional Analysis, which seeks to understand and transform social reality in terms of ideological dimensions (way of thinking and representing the profession), libidinal (productions and rearrangements carried out with the profession through desire), and organizational (the material basis for the exercise of the profession). Results: in the ideological dimension, the discourse of heroism about nurses involves the social non-recognition of the profession and the figure of the hero, who do not see as such, as they work in poor working conditions and are at constant risk of death. In the libidinal, ambiguously, nurses identify with the heroism discourse when there is admiration from the population, social recognition, and satisfaction with work, even amidst feelings of distress, impotence, sadness, and fear. Finally, in the organizational dimension, the discourse is involved with better working conditions, wages, and reduced workload, necessary for providing care with quality and safety. Conclusion: the effects of the heroism discourse are implied in the three dimensions and refer to the socio-historical process of the constitution of the profession, associating nurses with the hero figure. Nurses vehemently question this position because the precarious working conditions they are exposed to are very real.

COVID-19 no Brasil: existem diferenças no letramento em saúde mental entre homens jovens e idosos? / COVID-19 in Brazil: Are there any differences in Mental Health Literacy between young and aged men? / COVID-19 en Brasil: ¿Hay diferencias entre la alfabetización en salud mental de los hombres jóvenes y la de los mayores?

Resumo Objetivo: analisar o Letramento em Saúde Mental de homens jovens e idosos residentes no Brasil no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado com 87 homens, por meio de survey online assíncrona. Os dados foram processados no software NVIVO12®, estruturados com o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e analisados por meio do conceito teórico de Letramento em Saúde Mental de Anthony Jorm. Resultados: a partir da análise de um discurso síntese sobre os componentes do Letramento em Saúde Mental, emergiram seis ideias centrais: capacidade de reconhecer distúrbios específicos ou diferentes tipos de sofrimento psíquico; conhecimento e crenças sobre fatores e causas de risco; conhecimento e crenças sobre intervenções de autoajuda; conhecimento e crenças sobre a ajuda profissional disponível; atitudes que facilitem o reconhecimento e a procura de ajuda adequada; e conhecimento de como buscar informações sobre saúde mental. Conclusão: há diferenças no Letramento em Saúde Mental de homens jovens e idosos residentes no Brasil em vivência da pandemia da COVID-19. Homens idosos mostraram-se mais competentes para a gestão do cuidado e a proteção em saúde mental do que os homens jovens, em relação aos níveis de Letramento em Saúde Mental.

Abstract Objective: to analyze the Mental Health Literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Method: a qualitative study conducted with 87 men by means of an asynchronous online survey. The data were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured with the Collective Subject Discourse method and analyzed through Anthony Jorm's theoretical concept of Mental Health Literacy. Results: six central ideas emerged from the analysis of a synthesis discourse on the components of the Mental Health Literacy, namely: Ability to recognize specific disorders or different types of psychological distress; Knowledge and beliefs about risk factors and causes; Knowledge and beliefs about self-help interventions; Knowledge and beliefs about available professional help; Attitudes that facilitate recognition and the search for adequate help; and Knowledge on how to seek information on mental health. Conclusion: there are differences in the mental health literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aged men were more competent for mental health care management and protection than young men, in relation to the Mental Health Literacy levels.

Resumen Objetivo: analizar la Alfabetización en Salud Mental de hombres jóvenes y mayores residentes en Brasil en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado con 87 hombres, mediante survey online asincrónica. Los datos fueron procesados usando el software NVIVO12®, estructurados usando el método del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo y analizados usando el concepto teórico de Alfabetización en Salud Mental de Anthony Jorm. Resultados: del análisis de un discurso síntesis sobre los componentes de la Alfabetización en Salud Mental, surgieron seis ideas centrales: capacidad para reconocer trastornos específicos o diferentes tipos de sufrimiento psíquico; conocimiento y creencias sobre factores y causas de riesgo; conocimiento y creencias sobre las intervenciones de autoayuda; conocimiento y creencias sobre la ayuda profesional disponible; actitudes que facilitan el reconocimiento y la búsqueda de ayuda adecuada; y conocimiento sobre cómo buscar información sobre salud mental. Conclusión: hay diferencias entre la Alfabetización en Salud Mental de los hombres jóvenes y la de los mayores que vivían en Brasil durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Los hombres mayores fueron más competentes para gestionar el cuidado y proteger su salud mental que los hombres jóvenes, según los niveles de Alfabetización en Salud Mental.

Mental health interventions implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic: what is the evidence?

OBJECTIVE: to map the evidence on mental health interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: this scoping review was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Science Direct databases and in the medRxiv, bioRxiv, and PsyArXiv preprints servers using the descriptors "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public", and "mental health". RESULTS: eight articles were selected and categorized into mental health interventions for the population, among which mental health interventions were for people diagnosed with suspicion/confirmed COVID-19 and mental health interventions for health professionals. CONCLUSION: telemonitoring, virtual games and strategies focused on social support and muscle relaxation techniques, characterized as non-pharmacological and low-cost, were shown as interventions, which, since they are effective, need to be encouraged and included in mental health care practices.

COVID-19 pandemic decrease men's mental health: background and consequence analysis / A pandemia da COVID-19 piora a saúde mental de homens: análise de antecedentes e consequentes

OBJECTIVE: To analyze, from the perspective of self-report of antecedents and consequences, how the COVID-19 pandemic decrease the health of men living in Brazil. METHODS: Qualitative study, conducted with 200 men living in all regions of Brazil through the application of a semi-structured instrument, hosted on an online platform. The data were analyzed with the Collective Subject Discourse method and anchored in the theoretical framework of Dialectical Historical Materialism. RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic decrease men's mental health because it worsened the history of personal, affective, family, occupational, dysfunctional and/or morbid problems, causing consequences of psychic somatization, family dissolution, end of affective relationship, marital conflicts, social isolation, financial difficulty, vulnerability of the work situation and occupational exhaustion, sudden changes in behavior, barriers in access to health care and impaired experiences of death and grief. CONCLUSION: Social support networks need to be strengthened in order to minimize the direct and indirect impacts caused by the pandemic materiality for mental health and the various dimensions of life affected.

OBJETIVO: Analisar, sob o prisma do autorrelato de antecedentes e consequentes, como a pandemia da COVID-19 piora a saúde de homens residentes no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 200 homens residentes em todas as regiões do Brasil, mediante a aplicação de instrumento semiestruturado, hospedado em plataforma on-line. Os dados foram analisados com o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e ancorados no referencial teórico do Materialismo Histórico Dialético. RESULTADOS: A pandemia da COVID-19 piorou a saúde mental dos homens, porque aprimorou a história problemática pessoal, afetiva, familiar, ocupacional, disfuncional e/ou mórbida, e causa consequências de somatização psíquica, dissolução familiar, fim do relacionamento afetivo, conflitos conjugais, isolamento social, dificuldade financeira, vulnerabilidade da situação de trabalho e desgaste ocupacional, mudanças repentinas de comportamento, barreiras no acesso aos cuidados de saúde e experiências de morte e luto prejudicadas. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário fortalecer redes de apoio social, a fim de minimizar os impactos diretos e indiretos causados pela materialidade da pandemia para a saúde mental e as várias dimensões da vida afetadas.

Men's mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a mobilization of masculinities?

OBJECTIVE: to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic mobilizes masculinities in relation to mental health. METHODS: qualitative study conducted with 400 men, in a virtual environment, in all regions of Brazil. The data were analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject and based on Symbolic Interactionism. RESULTS: the mobilization of masculinities emerged from men towards the recognition of weaknesses and psycho-emotional vulnerabilities, with narratives that reveal the expression of feelings, pain, discomfort and psychological suffering, and showed themselves to be sensitive and engaged in performing practices, including autonomous ones, of health care mental. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the pandemic mobilizes masculinities as men print meanings and senses, in their interaction and interpretation of mental health, and is a marker for the nursing clinic conduct.

Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color (λ = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) (λ = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition (λ = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS (λ = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT (λ = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.

Men's mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic: is there a mobilization of masculinities? / La salud mental de los hombres en la pandemia del COVID-19: ¿existe una movilización de masculinidades? / Saúde mental de homens na pandemia da COVID-19: há mobilização das masculinidades?

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic mobilizes masculinities in relation to mental health. Methods: qualitative study conducted with 400 men, in a virtual environment, in all regions of Brazil. The data were analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject and based on Symbolic Interactionism. Results: the mobilization of masculinities emerged from men towards the recognition of weaknesses and psycho-emotional vulnerabilities, with narratives that reveal the expression of feelings, pain, discomfort and psychological suffering, and showed themselves to be sensitive and engaged in performing practices, including autonomous ones, of health care mental. Final considerations: the pandemic mobilizes masculinities as men print meanings and senses, in their interaction and interpretation of mental health, and is a marker for the nursing clinic conduct.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo la pandemia COVID-19 moviliza masculinidades en relación a la salud mental. Métodos: estudio cualitativo realizado con 400 hombres, en un ambiente virtual, en todas las regiones de Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados por el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo y basados en el Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: surgió la movilización de masculinidades desde los hombres hacia el reconocimiento de las debilidades y vulnerabilidades psicoemocionales, con narrativas que revelan la expresión de sentimientos, dolores, malestares y sufrimiento psicológico, y demostraron ser sensibles y comprometidos en prácticas de realización, incluyendo el cuidado autónomo. en salud mental. Consideraciones finales: la pandemia moviliza masculinidades en la medida en que los hombres imprimen sentidos y significados, en su interacción e interpretación de la salud mental, y es un marcador para la conducción de la clínica de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como a pandemia da Covid-19 mobiliza as masculinidades em relação à saúde mental. Métodos: estudo qualitativo realizado com 400 homens, em ambiente virtual, em todas as regiões do Brasil. Os dados foram analisados pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e fundamentados no interacionismo simbólico. Resultados: a mobilização das masculinidades emergiu dos homens em direção ao reconhecimento de fragilidades e vulnerabilidades psicoemocionais, com narrativas que revelam a expressão de sentimentos, dores, desconfortos e sofrimento psíquico, e se mostraram sensíveis e engajados a desempenharem práticas, inclusive autônomas, de cuidado em saúde mental. Considerações finais: a pandemia mobiliza as masculinidades na medida em que os homens imprimem sentidos e significados, em sua interação e interpretação à saúde mental, e é um marcador para a condução da clínica em enfermagem.

O 'NOVO' da COVID-19: impactos na saúde mental de profissionais de enfermagem? / Lo "NUEVO" de la COVID-19: impactos en la salud mental de profesionales de enfermería / The novel COVID-19: impacts on nursing professionals' mental health?

Resumo Objetivo: Apreender os impactos na saúde mental de profissionais de Enfermagem face às interações com o 'novo' da pandemia da Covid-19. Métodos: Recorte qualitativo, da macropesquisa "Estudo VidaMenta/Covid-19", realizado com 719 profissionais de Enfermagem residentes no Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em ambiente virtual com a aplicação da técnica bola de neve . Para a análise metodológica utilizou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e para interpretação teórica e filosófica recorreu-se a elementos do Interacionismo Simbólico. Resultados: O discurso coletivo evidenciou que a saúde mental de profissionais de Enfermagem foi afetada pelas: interações com o 'novo' com elaboração de significados atribuídos à pandemia; interações com o cuidado de Enfermagem relacionadas com os atendimentos aos pacientes; e interações com o trabalho demarcadas pelas relações profissionais e institucionais. Conclusão: Os achados confirmam que há impactos na saúde mental de profissionais de Enfermagem no contexto da pandemia Covid-19 que se manifestam a partir da interação com o 'novo'. Nessa interação trazem o advento de um 'cuidado de Enfermagem pandêmico', permeado por especificidades que emergiram e apresenta uma possibilidade de mudança de paradigma para as diretrizes de formação em Enfermagem, nos avanços tecnológicos de ensino-aprendizagem e na prática profissional.

Resumen Objetivo: Comprender los impactos en la salud mental de profesionales de enfermería frente a las interacciones cono lo "nuevo" de la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Recorte cualitativo, de la macroinvestigación "Estudo VidaMenta/Covid-19", realizado con 719 profesionales de enfermería residentes en Brasil. La recolección de datos fue realizada en ambiente virtual con la aplicación de la técnica bola de nieve . Para el análisis metodológico se utilizó el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, y para la interpretación teórica y filosófica se recurrió a elementos del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: El discurso colectivo evidenció que la salud mental de profesionales de enfermería estuvo afectada por: interacciones con lo "nuevo" con elaboración de significados atribuidos a la pandemia; interacciones con el cuidado de enfermería relacionadas con la atención a pacientes, e interacciones con el trabajo determinadas por las relaciones profesionales e institucionales. Conclusión: Los resultados confirman que hay impactos en la salud mental de profesionales de enfermería en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, que se manifiestan a partir de la interacción con lo "nuevo". Esta interacción trae consigo el advenimiento de un "cuidado de enfermería pandémico", impregnado de especificidades que surgieron, y presenta una posibilidad de cambio de paradigma de las directrices de formación en enfermería, en los avances tecnológicos de enseñanza-aprendizaje y en la práctica profesional.

Abstract Objective: To understand mental health impacts on nursing professionals in the face of interactions with the novel COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a qualitative cut, from the macrosearch " Estudo VidaMenta/Covid-19 ", carried out with 719 nursing professionals residing in Brazil. Data collection was performed in a virtual environment using the snowball technique. For methodological analysis, the Discourse of the Collective Subject was used and for theoretical and philosophical interpretation, Symbolic Interactionism elements were used. Results: The collective discourse showed that nursing professionals' mental health was affected by: interactions with the 'new' with the elaboration of meanings attributed to the pandemic; interactions with nursing care related to patient care; interactions with work demarcated by professional and institutional relationships. Conclusion: The findings confirm that there are impacts on nursing professionals' mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic context that manifest themselves through the interaction with the 'new'. In this interaction, they bring the advent of 'pandemic nursing care', permeated by specificities that have emerged and presents a possibility of changing the paradigm for nursing training guidelines, in technological advances in teaching and learning and in professional practice.

Significados das vivências de profissionais de enfermagem no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 / Meanings of nursing professionals' experiences in the context of the pandemic of COVID-19

RESUMO Objetivo compreender os significados que os profissionais de enfermagem atribuem às suas vivências no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos estudo qualitativo com 719 profissionais. Os dados foram coletados virtualmente e processados pelo Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. A análise foi conduzida à luz do referencial teórico-filosófico da Sociologia Fenomenológica. Resultados da análise dos discursos emergiram quatro categorias: significados das vivências relacionadas a si; significados das vivências relacionadas com o outro; significados das vivências relacionadas com as condições de trabalho; significado das vivências diante das incertezas do futuro. Conclusão as vivências são marcadas pelo sofrimento em relação aos aspectos pessoais, às suas redes de convivência e ao próprio mundo do trabalho. Estratégias que apoiem esses profissionais atualmente e em cuidados continuados em médio e longo prazo precisam ser estabelecidas com vistas a preservar sua saúde mental.

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the meanings that nursing professionals attribute to their experiences in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Qualitative study with 719 professionals. Data were collected virtually and processed by Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. The analysis was conducted in the light of the theoretical-philosophical referential of Phenomenological Sociology. Results four categories emerged from the discourse analysis: meanings of the experiences related to oneself; meanings of the experiences related to others; meanings of the experiences related to working conditions; and meanings of the experiences faced with the uncertainties of the future. Conclusion the experiences are marked by suffering in relation to personal aspects, to their social networks and to the world of work itself. Strategies that support these professionals currently and in continued care in the medium and long term need to be established in order to preserve their mental health.

Mental health interventions implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic: what is the evidence? / Intervenciones de salud mental implementadas en la pandemia de COVID-19: ¿cuál es la evidencia? / Intervenções em saúde mental implementadas na pandemia de COVID-19: quais as evidências?

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the evidence on mental health interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this scoping review was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Science Direct databases and in the medRxiv, bioRxiv, and PsyArXiv preprints servers using the descriptors "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public", and "mental health". Results: eight articles were selected and categorized into mental health interventions for the population, among which mental health interventions were for people diagnosed with suspicion/confirmed COVID-19 and mental health interventions for health professionals. Conclusion: telemonitoring, virtual games and strategies focused on social support and muscle relaxation techniques, characterized as non-pharmacological and low-cost, were shown as interventions, which, since they are effective, need to be encouraged and included in mental health care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la evidencia sobre las intervenciones de salud mental implementadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: revisión de alcance realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO y Science Direct y en los servidores de preprint medRxiv, bioRxiv y PsyArXiv, utilizando los descriptores "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public", "mental health". Resultados: se seleccionaron ocho artículos y se categorizaron en intervenciones de salud mental para la población, incluidas intervenciones de salud mental para personas con diagnóstico presunto/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenciones de salud mental para profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: se mostraron como intervenciones la telemonitorización, los juegos virtuales y las estrategias enfocadas al apoyo social y técnicas de relajación muscular, caracterizadas como no farmacológicas y de bajo costo que, por su eficacia, deben ser alentados e incluidos en las prácticas de atención de la salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear as evidências sobre intervenções em saúde mental implementadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: scoping review realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO e Science Direct e nos servidores de preprints medRxiv, bioRxiv e PsyArXiv, usando os descritores "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public" e "mental health". Resultados: oito artigos foram selecionados e categorizados em intervenções em saúde mental à população, dentre as quais intervenções em saúde mental às pessoas com diagnóstico de suspeita/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenções em saúde mental aos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: evidenciou-se como intervenções o telemonitoramento, jogos virtuais e estratégias focalizadas no suporte social e em técnicas de relaxamento muscular, caracterizadas como não farmacológicas e de baixo custo, que, por se mostrarem eficazes, precisam ser incentivadas e incluídas em práticas de atenção à saúde mental.

Mental health interventions implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic: what is the evidence? / Intervenciones de salud mental implementadas en la pandemia de COVID-19: ¿cuál es la evidencia? / Intervenções em saúde mental implementadas na pandemia de COVID-19: quais as evidências?

ABSTRACT Objective: to map the evidence on mental health interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: this scoping review was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Science Direct databases and in the medRxiv, bioRxiv, and PsyArXiv preprints servers using the descriptors "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public", and "mental health". Results: eight articles were selected and categorized into mental health interventions for the population, among which mental health interventions were for people diagnosed with suspicion/confirmed COVID-19 and mental health interventions for health professionals. Conclusion: telemonitoring, virtual games and strategies focused on social support and muscle relaxation techniques, characterized as non-pharmacological and low-cost, were shown as interventions, which, since they are effective, need to be encouraged and included in mental health care practices.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la evidencia sobre las intervenciones de salud mental implementadas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: revisión de alcance realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO y Science Direct y en los servidores de preprint medRxiv, bioRxiv y PsyArXiv, utilizando los descriptores "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public", "mental health". Resultados: se seleccionaron ocho artículos y se categorizaron en intervenciones de salud mental para la población, incluidas intervenciones de salud mental para personas con diagnóstico presunto/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenciones de salud mental para profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: se mostraron como intervenciones la telemonitorización, los juegos virtuales y las estrategias enfocadas al apoyo social y técnicas de relajación muscular, caracterizadas como no farmacológicas y de bajo costo que, por su eficacia, deben ser alentados e incluidos en las prácticas de atención de la salud mental.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear as evidências sobre intervenções em saúde mental implementadas durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: scoping review realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsycINFO e Science Direct e nos servidores de preprints medRxiv, bioRxiv e PsyArXiv, usando os descritores "Covid-19", "coronavirus infection", "coronavirus", "2019-nCoV", "2019 novel coronavirus disease", "SARS-CoV-2", "health personnel", "general public" e "mental health". Resultados: oito artigos foram selecionados e categorizados em intervenções em saúde mental à população, dentre as quais intervenções em saúde mental às pessoas com diagnóstico de suspeita/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenções em saúde mental aos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: evidenciou-se como intervenções o telemonitoramento, jogos virtuais e estratégias focalizadas no suporte social e em técnicas de relaxamento muscular, caracterizadas como não farmacológicas e de baixo custo, que, por se mostrarem eficazes, precisam ser incentivadas e incluídas em práticas de atenção à saúde mental.

Emotions and coping strategies of men to the covid-19 pandemic in brazil / Emociones y estrategias de coping en los hombres frente a la pandemia del covid-19 en brasil / Emoções e estratégias de coping de homens à pandemia da covid-19 no brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the emotions and coping strategies of men living in Brazil to the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: a qualitative socio-historical study, carried out with 200 men residing in Brazil. A semi-structured form was applied, made available on an online platform between March and May 2020. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method and sustained in the theoretical reference of Coping. Results: the strategies most used by the men were the following: compliance with preventive measures, strengthening of family/social ties, promotion of psychological well-being, self-care, emotional suppression, externalization of negative feelings, emotional control, positive reassessment, intellectual investment/professional qualification, maintenance of daily routines, adaptation to home office work, physical activity, control of marital conflicts, acceptance, and strengthening of belief and faith. Conclusion: the coping strategies adopted by the men are focused on following a pandemic coping protocol, and on the meaning and channeling of emotion and sense.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las emociones y las estrategias de coping en hombres que viven en Brasil frente a la pandemia del Covid-19. Método: estudio socio-histórico y cualitativo, realizado con 200 hombres que viven en Brasil. Se aplicó un formulario semiestructurado, puesto a disposición en una plataforma on-line entre marzo y mayo de 2020. Los datos se analizaron con el método del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo y se sustentaron en el referencial teórico del Coping. Resultados: las estrategias más utilizadas por los hombres fueron las siguientes: cumplimiento de las medidas de prevención, fortalecimiento del vínculo familiar/social, promoción del bienestar psicológico, autocuidado, supresión emocional, externalización de sentimientos negativos, control emocional, reevaluación positiva, inversión intelectual/calificación profesional, mantenimiento de rutinas diarias, adaptación al trabajo en modalidad home office, práctica de actividad física, control de conflictos conyugales, aceptación y fortalecimiento de las creencias y de la fe. Conclusión: las estrategias de coping adoptadas por los hombres se enfocan en respetar un protocolo de afrontamiento a la pandemia, en la significación y la canalización de la emoción y del sentido.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as emoções e as estratégias de coping de homens residentes no Brasil à pandemia da Covid-19. Método: estudo sócio-histórico, qualitativo, realizado com 200 homens residentes no Brasil. Realizou-se a aplicação de um formulário semiestruturado, disponibilizado em uma plataforma on-line entre março e maio de 2020. Os dados foram analisados pelo método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo e sustentados no referencial teórico de Coping. Resultados: as estratégias mais utilizadas pelos homens foram: cumprimento das medidas de prevenção, fortalecimento do vínculo familiar/social, promoção do bem-estar psicológico, autocuidado, supressão emocional, externalização de sentimentos negativos, controle emocional, reavaliação positiva, investimento intelectual/qualificação profissional, manutenção de rotinas diárias, adaptação ao trabalho home office, prática de atividade física, controle de conflitos conjugais, aceitação e fortalecimento da crença e da fé. Conclusão: as estratégias de coping adotadas pelos homens estão focadas no seguimento de um protocolo de enfrentamento à pandemia, na significação e canalização da emoção e do sentido.